These Submarines were just ships that were able to go under water for a certain amount of time. The engines ran on diesel, which gave them high speeds on the surface and long range. But both of them would reduce when they were submerged completely underwater. When this happened, they relied on batteries that were stored in the boat.
When world war two began, the submarines had no radar. Which mean that they could get attacked any moment and not be prepared at all. Until august, the first radar was installed into them. The first ones had all sorts of glitches and seemed to work more than half of the time but it still helped more than not having one at all. Since it was a new thing no one really new how to conduct it, they'd have to poke at the radars and discover what each button was used for.
They were very helpful for every one at war but were still not at there best. Submarines became an important part of war and everyone seemed to think that even though they weren't at one hundred they were pretty handy. Throughout the years more and more submarines were being built all over. They made war easier and safer with new strategies.
Sources:
http://world-war-2.info/submarines/
http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/ww2/projects/fighting-vehicles/submarines-intro.htm
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