The Salem Witchcraft Trials

The power one individual can posses over a group of people or even an entire community is astonishing. However the fact that one word coming out of someones mouth can lead to consequences such as death. Being a so called "witch" was your worst nightmare. The Salem Witchcraft trials was taken very seriously in Massachusetts.

Many were accused of being practicing with devils magic, almost around 200. As a result 19 were killed. After this tragedy occurred they knew that what they had done, was out of hand. It conflicted with peoples families and love to be exact. Hearts were broken and screaming and crying is all you heard on the day that they got hung.

It started to get out of hand, in this book a tragedy occurred, a women was accused for it and they had evidence. Rebecca Nurse got pointed out for practicing devils magic. The day she got sent to the judges everyone in town was as silent as the night could get, no one was talking, not even the kids. They were all amused by knowing that they had proof of a women who was practicing it.

The Salem meeting room had never been so packed until that day, every seat was taken, they all wanted to hear what would happen to Rebecca. The front row was saved for the adolescent girls who had accused her for being a witch. A witness called Ann Putman also was testifying for the death of Rebecca, she had said that she tried to make her sign the devils book which was completely  bizarre.

As  result of all the lying of who Rebecca Nurse truly was, she ended up getting hung at the end of the book. She was a strong women, and knew that the whole town wouldn't believe her of not practicing witch craft but she had no proof. Her death didn't only show how awful like was in the late 1600's but how unfair it was too.

Neighbors, friends, and family members that had anger towards you could get you to be seen hunted in front of the whole town if they said you were practicing it. Know one was really there for you to trust because life was so complicated, because by just saying that someone was practicing witch craft and you would admit it in front of everyone, they'd end up getting hung. Life wasn't as easy back in the day, you could die from a stupid rumor that someone had said about you. Witchcraft can be a myth or be real, its just up to you to chose if you want it to be or not.

Earth Day

The Film "A Fierce Green Fire" is about the beginning of the environmental change and how it has to do with life today. It showed the start of Green Peace which people thought a small group of individuals could make a huge impact on us. It demonstrated the original individuals that tried to stop Japanese whalers. Moreover The Love Canal incident was also seen, how it effected the town because of how toxic it was and how it was ruining the community. We need to start taking care more of our planet because it's where we live. Reuse, Reduce, Recycle are three words that are helpful in the process of making our planet better.

Solar Power is the technology that converts sunlight into energy. It is harnessed using solar panels, which can be used in rural urban areas. Your roof has to be at a certain angle to put solar panels on your house, and on top of that it's spendy. "Right now, solar power still has some difficulty competing with the utilities, but costs are coming down as research improves the technology"

The ARB which stands for "Air Resources Board" is California's air pollution control agency. In California air pollution was getting dangerously high and something had to be done. Thanks to ARB there are now restriction put on cars and business about how much pollution is aloud to be released by the companies and cars. Since 1980 California has gone down.

Sources:
http://www.arb.ca.gov/html/brochure/arb.htm
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/energy-environment/solar-energy/index.html

Civil Rights Movement Research

Treated poorly, with no hope in change for equality to happen is what African Americans thought their lies would be like. They were labeled slaves and blacks. They struggled on getting past each day because of how  awful their lives were, women would pick cotton while men would work on the farm. Everyday was a struggle for them. 

Slavery was taken very seriously by John F Kennedy, he took slavery into his own hands. After becoming president he made a civil rights bill, and on June 19th 1963 and was approved 1964, after his death. This bill would grant racism to stop. Therefore you wouldn't be judged on your color, race, religion, or sex. Jim crow laws made everything even worse. It angered the blacks because their skin made everyone's attitude change around them, there was no respect for them. It got to the point where they labeled what race could do what somewhere. 

The NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of colored People formed in 1909 got bigger and bigger over time because of all the racism that was going on. It was incorporated a year later in 1911. Their goal was to increase racial equality for everyone. Boycotts, sit ins, and other peaceful protests would be happening constantly in towns where racism was big. 

Rosa Parks was a member of the NAACP, her whole incident was the start to something new. Things were big on labeling when she got arrested for not giving up her seat to a white man. Many blacks didn't stand up to whites because they were scared of the consequences but Parks new this would the time to turn everything around. Martin Luther King Jr was then introduced to everyone. 

Martin Luther King Jr was also very big on the civil rights movement, he was on of the best-known advocates in the world. He supported Rosa and got very wide known after his motivational "I Have A Dream" speech. He got chosen as their leader, he was a preacher before that. His masses were always crowded because he knew how to speak and make everyone think about their life. 

Years passed by and life for blacks seemed to change to better terms for them. The end of slavery was eight months after Civil War after the 13th amendment was passed. Blacks could now be around whites and the first school was in 1955 which allowed blacks. Slavery was finally abolished and blacks had more rights. Which made their life's full of happiness and peace. 

Sources:
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/119368/American-civil-rights-movement
http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/civil-war-overview/slavery.html

13-2

1.) What is the goal of containment?
The goal of containment is to keep the communist within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military  actions.
2.) How is Greece the first battlefront in the Cold War?
It's the first battlefront in the Cold War because that's where some meeting's were held and sparks arose in Greece which started the beginning of the Cold war.
3.) What is the Marshall plan?
The Marshall Plan was to give European nations American aid to rebuild their economies/ American stragety to rebuild Europe.
4.) What is the Berlin Aircraft?
The Berlin Aircraft was when Stalins Soviet Union blocked them off  so they wouldn't be able to go anywhere.
5.) What is NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which is a mutual defense alliance.
6.) What happened in China?
The communist party of China, led by the Red Army, took power and declared the peoples republic.
7.) Make a 5 step timeline in Korean War
Korea is divided into two countries- 1945
North Korea invades South Korea- 1950
United States join the war- 1950
Peace talks begin- 1951
Talks at Geneva fail to unite Korea- 1954

Notes Chapter 12 Section 3

Women in the defense plants:
-Rosie the riveter= the great symbol of a campaign to hire women
African Americans Demand War Work:
-A. Philip Randolph= the head of the brotherhood of sleeping car porters- a major union for African American railroad workers-decided to take action so he informed president Roosevelt that he was organizing a march  of African Americans in search for jobs
Mexicans become farm workers:
-Barcero is Spanish for worker
-200,000 Mexicans came to the unite states to help harvest fruit and vegetables
-sunbelt=the expansion of cities in the Deep South created a new industrial region
The Housing Crisis:
-there were thousands of workers and they didn't know where to put them to have a home so many of them lived in tents and tiny trailers
-the federal gov gave over $1.2 billion to build public housing, schools, and community centers during the war
Racism Explodes Into Violence:
-the great migration slowed during the depression
-the war erupted in Detroit 1943, when fights erupted between gangs of white and African Americans teenage girls---triggered more fights---at the end 25 African Americans & 9 whites were killed.
 The Zoot Suit Riots:
-Zoot suit= had very baggy pleated pants and an overstuffed, knee length jacket with wide lapels
Japanese American Relocation:
-when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, many west coast Americans turned their anger against Japanese Americans
-because of newspaper printing rumors about there being Japanese spies, members of congress, mayors, and many business, and labor leaders demanded that all people of Japanese ancestry to be removed from the west coast
Wage and Price Controls:
-both wages and prices began to rise quickly during the war because of the high demand for workers and raw material
-to stabilize both wages and prices, Roosevelt created__OPA= the office of price administration, OES= the office of economic stabilization
Blue Points, Red Points:
-rationing= limiting the availability of many products to make sure enough were available for military use
-driving was rationed to save gas, driving was restricted, and the speed limit was 35 mph
Victory Gardens and Scarp Drives:
-victory gardens= to produce more food for war effort there would be gardens in back yards, school yards, city parks, and empty lots, the gov encouraged them
Paying for the war:
-E bonds= sold for 18.75 and could be redeemed for $25 after 10 years
"V" for Victory:
-a big amount of Americans wanted to fight in the war and win

13-1 Questions

1.) What was the goal for Roosevelt after the war? What were Soviet goals about Germany?
The Americans wanted to rebuild it while the Soviets wanted to crush it.
2.) What did FDR think was "key" to world peace?
They thought that economic growth was the key to world peace.
3.) What was "deceleration of liberated Europe, and how successful was it?"
It let the people chose their own goverment, or democracy. It wasn't very successful, they didn't end up getting democracy because Soviets took control.
4.) How was Germany to be controlled?
Allies controlled Germany.
5.) What is a statelite nation?
The Communist countries of Eastern Europe became known as that.
6.) What is an "iron curtain"
The political and military barrier that isolated Soviet-controlled  ou tries of Eastern Europe after World War II

12-2

Nimitz: US Naval officer
MacArthur: Sailed by her feels around the world in 71 days and 19 hours
Bataan: A peninsula and province in the phillpines
Doolittle raid: Also known as Tokyo raid, there was an air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on Honshu Island during WWII, which was the first air raid strike on Japan.
Coral Sea: The scene of a naval battle between US and Jappanesse carries in 1942 during WWII
Midway: In the middle of the ocean there was a battle named this
Afrika Korps: A German army force sent to North America in 1941 under general Rommel.
Erwin Rommel: German field marshal, known as Desert Fox
El Alamein: A battle of  WWII fought in 1942 at El Almein
Patton: US army general
Casablanca: The largest city of Morocco
Kassarine Pass: Was the site of the United States' first major battle defeat of the war.
Convoy System: Was the practice of sending boats with troops and supplies in a pack escorted by naval ships.
Stalingrad: There was a major battle of WWII in which Nazi Germany and it's allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city Stalingrad in South-Western Soviet Union.  

Radio Show

News

• Today, on 1920 men are off at war, leading to not having enough men to build families. Moreover, Middle aged women and teens would be left to just themselves. With men off at war, and the Spanish Flu just ending it makes them think that they don’t have to have a "boring typical life.’’, they say that life is short and we should be enjoying it. These women are starting to be known as "Flappers". The literal definition behind this word is, birds flapping their wings. But in Northern England they refer to it as a women who bobbs their hair, wears short skirts or dramatic dresses, listens to Jazz, smokes and drinks specially during prohibition,, rides in an automobile,, bound their chests, and wear high heels. They engage to city life, and are the ones to experiment with sex. Many of them celebrate the age of the flappers as the female Declaration of Independence. They choose activities that please them instead of the typical women that pleases their husband or children. Now off to you, Nancy….

Sports

• On this day in 1920 New York Yankees major league baseball club announces its purchase of the heavy-hitting outfielder George Herman, also known as “Babe” Ruth. Ruth played 6 seasons with the Red Sox, leading them to 3 world series. On the mound Ruth set a new league record that is said to stand for many years. Having broken the major league home run record with 29 and led the American League with 114 runs-batted-in and In addition to playing more than 100 games in left field, he also went 9-5 as a pitcher. After the sale, the Yankees took over Ruth’s contract, which called for a salary of $10,000 per year. Aware of his value, Ruth had demanded a salary raise, and New York agreed to negotiate a new contract with terms that would satisfy their new slugger. With his amazing hitting, pitching and fielding skills, Ruth had surpassed the great Ty Cobb as baseball’s biggest attraction.

Advertising

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Submarine Warfare in WW2

Submarines are huge long ships that are capable of going under water for a long period of time. They are usually equipped with internal air and have missiles stored in them. During world war two, the US navy sank over 30 % of Japans navy. Which also included eight aircraft carriers. We also sunk around five million tons of shipping of Japans. Victory wasn't cheap and affordable it was the complete opposite. The Submarine Force lost 52 boats and approximately 3,506 men.

These Submarines were just ships that were able to go under water for a certain amount of time. The engines ran on diesel, which gave them high speeds on the surface and long range. But both of them would reduce when they were submerged completely underwater. When this happened, they relied on batteries that were stored in the boat.

When world war two began, the submarines had no radar. Which mean that they could get attacked any moment and not be prepared at all. Until august, the first radar was installed into them. The first ones had all sorts of glitches and seemed to work more than half of the time but it still helped more than not having one at all. Since it was a new thing no one really new how to conduct it, they'd have to poke at the radars and discover what each button was used for.

They were very helpful for every one at war but were still not at there best. Submarines became an important part of war and everyone seemed to think that even though they weren't at one hundred they were pretty handy. Throughout the years more and more submarines were being built all over. They made war easier and safer with new strategies.

Sources:
http://world-war-2.info/submarines/
http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/ww2/projects/fighting-vehicles/submarines-intro.htm

Depression Outline

I Intro (Leave Blank for now)

The Great Depression had a big impact in United States of America. It occurred after the stock market crashed, and was long. It also took the jobs of many workers and got promised that they eventually get there work, but instead they got laid off.

II Causes (The causes of the great depression were ________, _______, ________)

(Define, how important)

A overspeculation 

 People bet that the market would continue to rise and bought stock on credo to get rich quick 

B Govt Policy
The Hawley-Smoot tariff made it more expensive to buy foreign goods. Foreign companies raised their tarrifis as well and there was a surplus of food which drove down the price. This put farmers deeper into the depression.

C Unstable Econ
There was an uneven distribution of wealth in America. Some people were really rich but most people were really poor. 

1 uneven prosperity

Top 5% of all American households earned 30% of nations income

2 overproduction

Farmers had a surpless of foods after ww1 ended. This drove the price of food down

3 worker issues / farm issues

More and more wooers were being laid off from their jobs and farmers were losing their houses to banks and struggling through the dust bowl storms.

III Effects

A Poverty

Soup kitchens fed hungry, people lived in shantytowns and Hoovervilles. Hobos lived on trains.

B Society

Artists of the time began to document the true horrors of the great depression instead of writing fiction or painting abstract art.

C World

Japan leaves the league of nations, Hitler rises to power in Germany. 

IV Solutions

A Hoover

Creates the public works and they began to build the Hoover dam. Hoover implemented limited relief programs that gave money directly to those in need but he didn't believe in that as a solution. He also bailed out some banks.

1 Volunteerism

The public works was a form of volunteerism. Hoover refused to give money dirtily to the people but they worked for the government to get it. 

2 Public Works

The Hoover dam

3 Hawley Smoot

Raised prices of foreign goods which hurt the sale of American goods in other counties. This made American business, especially farming, struggle.

4 RFC

Reconstruction Finance Corporation made loans to banks in order to help them through the depression. It spent $238 million by 1932. Created in 1932. 

B Roosevelt

Democratic candidate who ran against Hoover and won. He was willing too try anything to get the government out of depression.

1 new deal

Roosevelt's program for ending the Depression 

a alphabet soup

            example AAA Agricultural Adjustment Administration paid farmers to stop growing certain crops to drive up food prices.

            example CCC Civilian Conservation Corps helped the unemployed by having them work for the national forestry service. 

            example FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation provided insurance on bank deposits up to a certain amount. 

            example SEC Securities and Exchange Commission regulated the stock market and prevented fraud. 

b Criticsim?

The "right" or conservations thought Roosevelt was spend too much money that America didn't have and thought he was abusing the governments power by becoming too involved. The "left" of liberals thought Roosevelt was not doing enough to help the economy and needed to spend more money.

2 2nd new deal

a Deficit spending- abandoning a balanced budget and borrowing money to pay for things.

b WPA Works Progress Administration gave people jobs constructing highways, buildings and parks.

c Social Security Act provided security for elderly and unemployment Americans. A lasting effect of the New Deals.

V Criticicism

B Political Criticism (ex. Came from both the left and right)

A Conservatives

American Liberty League was a conservative coup against the new deal who thought Roosevelt's plan were violating their rights of person and property. 

B Liberals (ex: criticised the new deal also. They wanted more action/spending)

Ex

Huey Long democratic senator of Louisiana created "Share Our Wealth" clubs. He believed the rich should do more to help the poor.

VI Effectiveness

A Changes in US

The governments role changed. It became more involved in the lives of everyday Americans because many now worked for the government instead of private companies to build roads etc.

B Unions

C Culture

VII Conclusion

Flappers

Flappers were women who bobbed their hair, wore short skirts, and listened to jazz. They would wear big amounts of make up, smoke, drink, and ride in automobiles. The literal word flapper means, a bird flapping it's wings. But in Northern England they referred to it being a teenage girl.  Many if them had jobs to improve the economy, and they engaged to the city nightlife.


You could tell when you saw a flapper, they would have the dramatic dresses with the length to their knees. They would bound their chests, and war high heels. They were the ones to experiment with sex. Moreover they would drink and smoke, specially during prohibition. 

Many of them would celebrate the age of the flapper as the a female Declaration of Independence. Flappers would chose to do activities that would please them, rather than a typical mom that would please their husbands or children. Like always they had critics, those people would talk about them and make it obvious that they were. They would question if flappers really were expressing themselves or just acting like men. 

Since men were at war leading to there not being enough husbands for women, and the Spanish Flu just ending, teenagers and young women realized that life was short. You didn't know when it was the end for you, so why not just have fun all the time? That way when you die you'd know you had a good life. That's what Flappers thought a life should be, with fun and adventures, because either way you'd die t some point.

Sources:
http://www.thedandy.org/home/flappers-and-the-roaring-20-s
http://history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/a/flappers.htm

To Momma and Papa

Dear loved ones, I apologize for not letting you know how I'm doing. I've been so busy lately, there's not even time to sleep. There's so many men getting hurt, seeing them makes me get sick to my stomach. Why would you ever hurt someone so badly? Being a nurse is one of the most hardest jobs, not only do I work long hours but it's also extremely dangerous.
More soldiers are getting hurt each day, it's like a wave from sea crashing at its hardest. Destroying everything in its way. It's the worst feeling knowing that you can't save them, seeing them with so much hope is heart breaking. They all deserve to live, but I guess some have to go.
Just the other day I got attacked by a solider with Shell Shock, he had a gun right at my head. I saw my life flash before my eyes, the first thing that popped into my mind was T- Bone. He is the reason why I live, I miss him ridiculously. How is he doing? Do you take him on walks Daily? Good I hope, leaving him behind was a challenge.
Oh and how's papa doing? Is he getting better? It was challenging seeing him with symptoms for the Influenza Epidemic. Many Chinese are dying from it over here. I help every race I can, I sure think papa would be round of me.
I love you all, please take care of papa for me. I really wish I could be there to treat him myself. Take care of T- Bone. Remember to give him food twice a day if you can and give him treats if he us being a good boy. I'll keep trying to send money from my paycheck but with that amount it's hard to send for both of us. Take care, keep me in your thoughts and prayers.
Sincerely, Jocelyn

WWI causes

1.) Militarism: the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a string military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Alliances: a union or association formed for mutual benefit between countries or organizations.
Imperialism: a policy of extending a countries power and influence through diplomacy or military forces
Nationalism: patriotic pride for your nation
2.) The spark of WWI was the assiasanation of Austria's Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie.
3.) 1915: Sinking of Lusitania: German U- Boats sunk the Lusitania, which shipped people and goods across the Atlantic Ocean between the United States and Great Britain.
     1916: Sussex pledge: A promise by Kaiser regarding the conduct of attacks on merchant ships by German U- Boats.
     1917: Zimmerman note: It was a telegram by a foreign German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Minister to Mexico, Von Eckhardt, offering United States territory to Mexico in return for joining the German cause.
     1918: Unrestricted sub warfare: Is a type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without any warning.

Shell Shock

Combat stress reaction is another way of saying Shell Shock or PTDS, which is post traumatic demoralization syndrome. In WWI a big amount of the soldiers had this, it was the aftermath of what they'd experience. Life was extremely difficult for them, sleeping, walking, talking were things they struggled on. It's incredibly hard for them to over come Shell Shock, some do over come it, while the others still suffer from war and the horrible moments they went through.
Before doctors started to find out what it was all about they'd just blame it on other things that could of caused your behavior. For example they thought that the lack of moral fiber was a thing that could trigger shell shock. Followed by inhaling dirty air, or getting attacked and being close to death. Soldiers out there were so close to death every time they stepped out in the battlefield. Later on they found out the real reason on why these people were experiencing this.
It had become a pressing medical and military problem, it didn't only affect the front line troops and soldiers but also the doctors. They were also having difficulties with treating this disorder, they didn't know what was happening and how to treat it. Charles S. Meyers came to the rescue by being a medically trained psychologist. He gave his opinions and collected data to see deeper into it and know what he was dealing with.
Shell shock doesn't only occur during war but after when you go back home. There are days when you wake up thinking that you're about to fight, when really you're just waking up from a dream. Many people experience this horrific thing. Waking up thinking you're somewhere else, having your family looking at you with strange faces. Moreover not many people actually fully recover, it comes back at the most unappreciable times.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/shellshock_01.shtml